失眠多久才算病？全方位拆解 6 條國際建議、14 種安眠藥與香港輪候實況 2026

• 香港公立系統實際有沒有提供 CBT-I。 本文所憑的資料只有醫管局收費表一份，不包括立法會文件或審計署報告。本文只能說「醫管局沒有以此名義公布過這項服務」。
• 賽馬會樂眠無憂計劃研究以外的收費，以及計劃的結束日期。 營運機構網站均無公布。
• 香港有多少個 CBT-I 服務提供者。 本文所引來源只包括一個機構的自家網站。
• 香港的安眠藥處方量、依賴發生率及副作用發生率。 藥物辦公室頁面是定性說明，全頁沒有任何分母或發生率。
• 英國精神藥理學會共識聲明的原文措辭。 本文未取得該文件，文中關於它的一切只限於 NICE MTG70 及 AASM 2017 指引各自對它的描述。
• 英國基層醫療的第一線用語原文。 本文只引述 MTG70。
• AASM 指引有沒有更新版。 本文引用的是 2021 年及 2017 年兩份。
• 美國內科醫師學會 2016 年指引原文不在本文所引來源之內。這不代表它沒有「強烈」級別的 CBT-I 建議——AASM 2017 的背景一節寫明它有，而且範圍更闊。
• 該試驗每個時間點每組的可分析人數。 論文以加權模型報告百分比，未刊出分母，因此不能由百分比倒推人數。
• 「抑鬱發生率較對照組低 42%」這個表述本文沒有採用。 論文報告的是風險比 0.58，「低 42%」是由 1 − 0.58 換算，並非論文自己刊出的數字。
• 醫管局 HK$10,000 費用上限是否涵蓋慢性失眠。 收費表沒有界定「慢性疾病」的範圍。
• 醫管局精神科的分流準則。 醫管局公布的是輪候時間及各分流類別的個案數目，不是分流準則。
• 睡眠窒息症的診斷、檢查適應症或治療。 本文只轉述與失眠及安眠藥直接相關的部分；相關內容見本站另一篇專文。

英文來源沒有中文版，譯文為本文摘譯，非來源原文。

〔註1〕ICSD-3 慢性失眠定義，由 AASM 2017 指引轉述：

Insomnia disorder is defined in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition as a complaint of trouble initiating or maintaining sleep which is associated with daytime consequences and is not attributable to environmental circumstances or inadequate opportunity to sleep. The disorder is identified as chronic when it has persisted for at least three months at a frequency of at least three times per week. When the disorder meets the symptom criteria but has persisted for less than three months, it is considered short-term insomnia. Occasional, short-term insomnia affects 30% to 50% of the population. The prevalence of chronic insomnia disorder in industrialized nations is estimated to be at least 5% to 10%.

〔註2〕同上，緊接一句：

In medically and psychiatrically ill populations, as well as in older age groups, the prevalence is significantly higher.

〔註3〕衞生防護中心「男性心理問題 — 失眠」：

由於失眠可以成為慢性病，因此當失眠持續一個月以上就要找醫生作診斷和治療。

〔註4〕藥物辦公室該頁在成因清單使用「例如」、「包括」等字眼，屬舉例式而非窮盡式；該表列名之外仍可能有其他藥物。

〔註5〕AASM 2021 指引對建議強度的定義（摘要版與正文版）：

Each recommendation statement is assigned a strength ("strong" or "conditional"). A "strong" recommendation (ie, "We recommend…") is one that clinicians should follow under most circumstances. A "conditional" recommendation is one that requires that the clinician use clinical knowledge and experience, and to strongly consider the patient's values and preferences to determine the best course of action.

A "strong" recommendation is one that clinicians should follow for almost all patients (ie, something that might qualify as a quality measure).

〔註6〕AASM 2017 指引背景一節對 ACP 2016 指引的描述：

In May 2016, the American College of Physicians published its own clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic insomnia. This guideline makes two major recommendations. The first is that all patients with chronic insomnia receive CBT-I as the initial treatment intervention. This is a strong recommendation based on moderate quality evidence.

〔註7〕AASM 2021 指引的提供方式範圍聲明：

There was insufficient evidence to make recommendations for specific delivery methods (eg, individual, group, internet, self-help, video) for any of the treatments.

〔註8〕同上，方法一節：

The review did not include comparisons of different interventions or combinations of pharmacotherapy with behavioral and psychological therapy.

指引全份唯一一句頭對頭的講法，是睡眠衞生一條底下同一研究內的觀察（within the same study CBT-I was superior to sleep hygiene alone），出自單一項研究。

〔註9〕NICE MTG70：

Usual treatment for people with sleep problems is advice about sleep hygiene. Sleeping pills may also be considered if insomnia symptoms are likely to resolve soon. If insomnia symptoms are not likely to resolve soon, best practice is to refer for face-to-face CBT‑I, although its availability in the UK is limited. This clinical pathway is outlined in the British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) consensus statement on insomnia. People who may be at higher risk of other sleep disorders including sleep apnoea should have a medical assessment before referral to Sleepio.

MTG70 建議 1.1 至 1.3：

1.1 Sleepio is recommended as a cost saving option for treating insomnia and insomnia symptoms in primary care for people who would otherwise be offered sleep hygiene or sleeping pills.

1.2 For people who may be at higher risk of other sleep disorder conditions, such as in pregnancy, or in people with comorbidities, a medical assessment should be done before referral to Sleepio.

1.3 More research or data collection is recommended on Sleepio for people who are eligible for face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‑I) in primary care. This is because there is limited clinical evidence to show how effective Sleepio is compared with face-to-face CBT‑I.

〔註10〕MTG70「Why the committee made these recommendations」：

Sleepio is a digital self-help programme that includes CBT‑I. It could therefore increase patients' access to CBT‑I. It also increases the options available to GPs treating insomnia.

Clinical evidence shows that Sleepio reduces insomnia symptoms compared with sleep hygiene and sleeping pills. There is no direct evidence of its effectiveness compared with face-to-face CBT‑I, so further research is recommended in this context.

At a price of £45 per person, Sleepio is cost saving compared with usual treatment in primary care. This is based on an analysis of primary care resource use data before and after Sleepio was introduced in 9 GP practices. Healthcare costs were lower at 1 year, mostly because of fewer GP appointments and sleeping pills prescribed.

〔註11〕建議 1 及其 Remarks：

We recommend that clinicians use multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia for the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder in adults.

Remarks: This recommendation is based primarily on studies in which CBT-I was delivered by a trained professional to patients with and without comorbid conditions.

建議 6 及其 Remarks：

We suggest that clinicians not use sleep hygiene as a single-component therapy for the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder in adults.

Remarks: Although sleep hygiene is not recommended as a single-component approach (ie, the only treatment) for patients with chronic insomnia disorder, sleep hygiene may be included in multicomponent interventions.

〔註12〕睡眠限制治療的安全說明：

Clinicians should note that this treatment may be contraindicated in certain populations such as those working in high risk occupations (eg, heavy machinery operators or drivers) or those predisposed to mania/hypomania poorly controlled seizure disorders or excessive daytime sleepiness.

（原句在來源中缺一個逗號，本文照原文引錄。）

〔註13〕刺激控制的安全說明：

The TF noted that stimulus control may need to be adapted for safety in some patient populations, such as those at high risk for falls, with mobility issues, or using sedative-hypnotics.

〔註14〕藥物辦公室該頁「治療」一節：

如果儘管採取這些措施後，失眠仍然持續並影響日常功能，請諮詢您的醫生。醫生可以識別根本原因並推薦適當的治療，其中可能包括認知行為療法、強化睡眠習慣或藥物治療。

〔註15〕《非傳染病直擊》2018年3月號：

Most insomnia can be effectively treated through medications, or cognitive behavioural interventions to identify and correct maladaptive behaviours or thoughts about sleep.

It can also be prevented from recurrence by paying attention to 'sleep hygiene' (Box 1).

However, insomnia is often under-recognised and under-treated in both children and adult populations despite its impact on daily functioning and quality of life.

〔註16〕衞生防護中心「怎樣處理失眠？」七項，中文原文：

生活要有規律，尤其作息要定時

不要吸煙

定時作適量運動，但睡前不宜有劇烈運動

勿太餓或太飽就寢，含咖啡因的飲品例如咖啡、可樂或茶等亦不宜睡前飲用

營造一個舒適的睡眠環境，如保持寧靜、室內光線和溫度適中

放鬆心情，如練習冥想、聽聽輕柔的音樂、或睡前用暖水洗澡

如果真的不能入睡時，不要勉強睡眠，可起來做些小事情至再次想睡時才去睡

該清單之前有兩句限定：該頁先寫「應先找出失眠的原因，然後作出根治。」，然後才說「如果只是短暫性的失眠」可採取一些藥物以外的方法。

同頁清單之後緊接一句：

若失眠持續或沒有改善時，切勿自行服用未經醫生處方的成藥，應請教你的醫生，他會幫你找出失眠原因，並會按照你的情況給予所需的治療。

〔註17〕Chen 等 2025 試驗的對象與招募：

This was a randomized, assessor-blind, parallel group-controlled trial conducted in Chinese youth (aged 15−25 years) with insomnia disorder and subclinical depression. Potential participants were recruited from universities, high schools, and communities in mainland China and Hong Kong from September 9, 2019 to November 25, 2022.

Between September 9, 2019, and November 25, 2022, 708 participants (407 females [57%]; mean age, 22.1 years [SD = 1.9]) were randomly allocated to app-based CBT-I group (n = 354) or app-based HE group (n = 354).

Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to 6-week app-based CBT-I or 6-week app-based health education (HE) delivered through smartphones.

〔註18〕主要指標：

Thirty-seven participants (10%) in the intervention group and 62 participants (18%) in the control group developed new-onset MDD throughout the 12-month follow-up, with a hazard ratio of 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.38–0.87; p = 0.008). The number needed to treat to prevent MDD at 1 year was 10.9 (6.8–26.6).

〔註19〕主要與次要指標的界定：

The primary outcome was time to onset of MDD. The secondary outcomes included depressive symptoms and insomnia at both symptom and disorder levels.

失眠緩解率三個時間點的原文：

At post-intervention, the weighted percentage of remitters based on clinical interviews in app-based CBT-I group was higher than that of the app-based HE group (52% versus 28%; relative risk [RR] 1.83 [95% CI 1.49–2.24]; p < 0.001) after controlling for strata variables and accounting for the missing data patterns.

Improvements achieved in the app-based CBT-I group were well sustained throughout the follow-up period, with higher remission rates than the controls at both 6-month (56% versus 44%; RR 1.27 [1.08–1.48]; p = 0.003) and 12-month follow-ups (57% versus 48%; RR 1.17 [1.01–1.35]; p = 0.03).

〔註20〕緩解的定義：

Remission of insomnia disorder was determined by the following criteria: (1) no functional impairments or distress with sleep, (2) insomnia symptoms less than three times per week for at least 1 month, and (3) sleep-promoting medication use less than once per week in the past month. Although the use of sleep-promoting medication is not a standard criterion for diagnosing insomnia disorder, it may mask the underlying symptoms and was thus taken into account in the current study.

Remission rates of insomnia were analyzed using a weighted generalized estimating equations model.

〔註21〕論文限制一節：

First, participants in our study included a mix of individuals with and without a prior history of MDD, with 48% (339/708) of participants reporting a history of prior MDD.

〔註22〕同上，最後一句：

Last, the modest sample size of adolescents (<18 years, n = 10) limits the generalizability of the findings to this age group.

安全性：

No adverse events related to the interventions were reported.

論文利益申報：YKW 曾收取 Eisai Co, Ltd 的講課及顧問費用，並獲 Lundbeck HK Ltd 及 Aculys Pharma, Inc 贊助（與本研究無關）；CMM 曾獲 Idorsia、Eisai 及 Lallemand Health Solutions 的研究支持，收取 Idorsia、Eisai 及 Haleon 的個人費用，並自 Mapi Research Trust 收取版稅（與本研究無關）；JHZ 曾為 BestCare & SuMian BioTech Co, Ltd 提供顧問服務；JWYC 曾為研究範圍以外的海外會議收取 Eisai Co., Ltd 的個人費用及 Lundbeck HK Ltd 的旅費資助。

〔註23〕系統性文獻回顧的分母：

The literature search identified 1,244 studies; 124 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 89 studies provided data suitable for statistical analyses. Evidence for the following interventions is presented in this review: cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, brief therapies for insomnia, stimulus control, sleep restriction therapy, relaxation training, sleep hygiene, biofeedback, paradoxical intention, intensive sleep retraining, and mindfulness.

〔註24〕建議 1 底下的分母：

The TF identified 66 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adult patients diagnosed with chronic insomnia disorder that compared CBT-I to wait-list, minimal interventions, or placebo therapies. Forty-nine of the studies provided data suitable for meta-analyses for at least one critical outcome.

AASM 2017 指引：

GRADE recommendation strengths do not refer to the magnitude of treatment effects in a particular patient, but rather, to the strength of evidence in published data.

〔註25〕AASM 2017 指引的防誤讀說明：

It is essential that the recommendations which follow be interpreted within the appropriate context of clinical practice. Readers will note that all specific recommendations fall within the "weak" (for or against) classification of the GRADE system. This should not be construed to mean that no sleep-promoting medications are clearly efficacious or indicated in the treatment of chronic insomnia. Hypnotic medications, along with management of comorbidities and non-pharmacological interventions such as CBT, are an important therapeutic option for chronic insomnia.

同上，建議強度定義：

A WEAK recommendation reflects a lower degree of certainty in the outcome and appropriateness of the patient-care strategy for all patients, but should not be construed as an indication of ineffectiveness.

The ultimate judgment regarding propriety of any specific care must be made by the clinician in light of the individual circumstances presented by the patient, available diagnostic tools, accessible treatment options, and resources.

〔註26〕同上，降級理由：

Downgrading the quality of evidence for these treatments is predictable in GRADE, due to the funding source for most pharmacological clinical trials and the attendant risk of publication bias; the relatively small number of eligible trials for each individual agent; and the observed heterogeneity in the data.

〔註27〕zolpidem 一條的 Remarks 是十四條之中唯一不止一句、亦是唯一帶有監管機構後續行動的一條，整條照錄：

Remarks: This recommendation is based on trials of 10 mg doses of zolpidem. N.B. Although 10 mg. was the recommended starting dosage for adults at the time of initial approval, the FDA has subsequently lowered the recommended starting dosage of immediate-release zolpidem products to 5 mg. Further, the FDA has recommended a reduction of starting dosage for extended-release forms of zolpidem from 12.5 mg to 6.25 mg.

〔註28〕melatonin 一條的 Remarks 所述劑量為 2 mg，相關三項研究只納入超過 55 歲人士（原文作 only older adults (> 55 years)）。同一段 Summary 另有三句：證據質素為 very low；工作小組判斷益處與害處大致相等（the task force judged the benefits to be approximately equal to harms）；工作小組認為大多數知情病人會選擇使用 melatonin 多於不用（the majority of well-informed patients would use melatonin over no treatment）。

〔註29〕AASM 2017 指引背景一節對 BAP 共識聲明的描述：

Limited evidence and toxicity concerns were cited for other prescription and non-prescription agents, although prolonged-release melatonin was recommended as a first-line treatment for insomnia in persons over 55 years.

〔註30〕同上，劑量範圍聲明：

Finally, the literature review, meta-analyses, and recommendations are based only on FDA-approved doses. This should not be interpreted as a recommendation for the use of a specific dose in clinical practice.

同上，指引自設範圍：

The purpose of this guideline is to establish clinical practice recommendations for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults, when such treatment is clinically indicated. Unlike previous meta-analyses, which focused on broad classes of drugs, this guideline focuses on individual drugs commonly used to treat insomnia. It includes drugs that are FDA-approved for the treatment of insomnia, as well as several drugs commonly used to treat insomnia without an FDA indication for this condition.

〔註31〕藥物辦公室該頁：

在香港，大多數用於治療失眠症的藥物均屬處方藥物，並需在醫生監督下服用。

請勿在沒有專業意見的情況下自行用藥或服用非處方安眠藥。

〔註32〕同上，處方原則：

安眠藥是一種作用於中樞神經系統以誘導睡眠的藥物。這些藥物並不能解決失眠的根本原因，應由醫生處方，盡可能使用最低有效劑量和最短的療程。它們適用於短期管理嚴重和影響日常生活的失眠症。

同頁亦有正面一句：

苯二氮䓬類藥物能縮短入睡時間、減少在半夜醒來的情況和增加整體睡眠時間。

苯二氮䓬類的使用門檻與療程上限（兩句相連）：

由於病人會對苯二氮䓬類藥物產生藥物耐受性、藥物依賴和戒斷症狀，所以苯二氮䓬類藥物僅應用於治療嚴重、影響日常生活或給患者帶來極度痛苦的失眠症。

苯二氮䓬類藥物用作安眠藥時，應使用最低有效劑量，並儘可能採用最短及不超過四週的療程。

〔註33〕⚠️ 此欄不可拆開讀。中文版該句是一整句，主語由頭到尾都是兒童及青少年，整句照錄：

一般不建議兒童及青少年使用水合氯醛，如需使用，必須在專科醫生的監督下進行，治療時間應盡可能縮短，且不得超過兩週的最長療程。

英文版在此處與中文版不同：英文版把療程上限切成獨立一句（Treatment should be for the shortest duration possible and should not exceed the maximum treatment period of 2 weeks.），因此英文版讀得出一個不限於兒童的通則，中文版讀不出。本文以中文版為準，並在此標明差異。

〔註34〕鎮靜性抗組織胺的慎用名單，差異在英文版自己的正文與表格之間，不是中英文之間：中文版六項（前列腺增生、狹角性青光眼、哮喘、支氣管炎、肝腎功能不全、重症肌無力），正文與副作用表兩處都齊；英文版正文同樣六項齊全（Sedating antihistamines should be used with caution in patients with prostatic hyperplasia, narrow-angle glaucoma, asthma, bronchitis, liver or renal dysfunction, myasthenia gravis），但同頁副作用表只列四項（Caution in patients with asthma, bronchitis, narrow angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy）。本文採用六項名單，兩個語文版本的正文都支持，並在此標明表格與正文的差異。

〔註35〕佐匹克隆與唑吡坦：

然而，現時仍然沒有足夠的證據，以支持佐匹克隆在藥物耐受性、藥物依賴性或戒斷症狀方面較苯二氮䓬類藥物具有任何臨床優勢。

有報導指酒石酸唑吡坦具有類似苯二氮䓬類藥物的鎮靜特性，但相對有較少的抗焦慮和肌肉鬆弛的特性。唑吡坦起效迅速且催眠作用持續時間短，但並沒有足夠的證據顯示它相比於短效的苯二氮䓬類藥物，在引致「宿醉感覺」、藥物耐受性、戒斷症狀或藥物依賴性方面有任何的優勢。

DORA：

雙食慾素受體拮抗劑 (DORA) 是一種中樞神經系統抑制劑，即使按照處方使用，仍可能損害日間清醒度。部分患者停藥後，其中樞神經系統抑制作用可能持續數日。

水合氯醛停藥：

長期接受水合氯醛治療的患者不應突然停藥，應逐步減少水合氯醛的使用劑量。

〔註36〕「服用安眠藥的一般建議」六項，中文原文：

僅在醫療監督下使用。

務必以最短療程使用最低有效劑量。

了解藥物名稱和劑量。

服藥後不要駕駛或操作機器。

服用安眠藥物期間避免飲酒。

如果失眠症狀持續，請諮詢醫生以尋求替代治療。

兩個版本的次序不同：英文版最後兩項的次序與中文版相反，因此本文不用「第幾項」來指認。

〔註37〕醫管局收費表列出一系列具名服務項目，而 CBT、Cognitive、insomnia 三個字在該頁各出現 0 次，同時「Psychiatric day hospital」出現 2 次、註腳「N7」出現 7 次——證明本文確實讀到該頁的服務名稱。

⚠️ 但專科門診輪候時間公開數據集不能用來做同一個判斷，本文亦不用它作此用途。該數據集共 288 行，欄位只有 date_id_from、date_id_to、cluster、specialty、Category、Description、Value；specialty 全域只有八個值，Description 全域只有五個字串。它根本沒有「服務名稱」這一個欄位——任何服務的名稱都不會出現。就算每一個聯網都在做 CBT-I，這個數據集都會一模一樣。一個「共 288 行」的精確數字，很容易令一個空的檢查看起來像做過搜尋，所以本文在此寫明它不是。

〔註38〕醫管局收費表，兩句相連：

People who have financial difficulties in paying medical expenses at the public sector may apply for medical fee waiver.

In addition to the medical fee waiving mechanism, the HA establishes a second safety net by introducing a HK$10,000 cap on public medical fees and charges without requiring financial assessment with effect from 1 January 2026. The new measure aims at easing the financial burden faced by patients suffering from sudden severe illnesses or chronic illnesses.

註腳 N7：

N7 Each chargeable unit covers a duration of 4 weeks per drug item.

〔註39〕《非傳染病直擊》Key Messages 及正文：

Most insomnia can be effectively treated and prevented from recurrence by paying attention to good 'sleep hygiene'. If insomnia has been interfering with your daytime functioning, please consult your family doctor.

Thus, never use alcohol as a sleeping aid and be sure to discuss with your family doctor before taking any sleeping medications.

〔註40〕⚠️ 關於這兩句的可核對性。該網站是伺服器端預先產生 HTML，該站頁面內容大多在自己那一頁的呈現文字層讀得到；但這兩句不在該層。本文核對該站導覽可達的十八條路徑，兩句在十八條路徑的呈現文字層一次都沒有出現（0/18），只在伺服器送出的位元組（頁面內嵌的全站文字字典）中出現，十八條路徑每條都載有同一份字典。因此本文無法提供一條可讓讀者自行開啟核對的網址。同意書一句在字典的 researchConsentForm 項下（該文件自題「香港中文大學醫學院精神科學系參加者知情同意書」，副題「在社區中驗證失眠認知行為治療的有效性」）；使用條款一句在 terms 項下。導覽上「免責聲明」連往 /disclaimer，而該頁實際顯示的是主辦及協辦機構免責聲明連結一覽，並非該份使用條款。要核對，請直接向計劃索取該兩份文件。

該站另有兩句含「免費」的描述：「歡迎預約免費的小睡及光照體驗，透過不同方式認識睡眠。」及「參與各種樂眠無憂活動，還有機會得到免費小禮物!」

〔註41〕計劃網站：

大多數的失眠問題都是有方法可以處理及可治癒的。可是，社區上針對睡眠問題的支援卻十分有限，同時，市民對於睡眠問題的求助行為及認識亦很少。

計劃亦自述：

賽馬會樂眠無憂計劃由香港賽馬會慈善信託基金捐助，是香港首個針對睡眠問題的社區推廣計劃。

本平台採用「失眠的認知行為治療」(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, CBT-I)，CBT-I 是一套治療失眠的建議首選方案，療效甚至比藥物更加持久。

〔註42〕《非傳染病直擊》2018年3月號：

In Hong Kong, the Population Health Survey 2014/15 of the Department of Health interviewed over 12 000 non-institutionalised persons aged 15 and above and found that close to half (48.0%) of them had experienced sleep disturbance, namely 'difficulty in falling asleep within 30 minutes', 'intermittent awakenings or difficulty in maintaining sleep during the night', and 'early morning awakening and unable to sleep again', during the 30 days preceding the survey.

As shown in Figure 3, the proportions of having experienced these sleep disturbances three or more times a week in the 30 days preceding the survey were 6.8%, 7.3% and 6.0% respectively. Overall, females and people aged 65 and above were more likely to have experienced sleep disturbance.

Figure 3 的十二個數值為圖上所印的資料標籤，本文以 600 dpi 逐格讀出，非由條形長度估算。該圖第三條的名稱用複數 Early morning awakenings，而同一頁正文引述同一項時用單數 early morning awakening；本文表格照圖上所印。

〔註43〕同上，國際梯度（該段在原文中排在 48.0% 那段之前）：

…prevalence of insomnia varied from as low as 6% with stringent criteria to diagnose insomnia, to 10-15% in people reported insomnia symptoms with daytime consequences (e.g. because of fatigue), and further up to 48% in those having any insomnia symptoms (Figure 2).

該刊在 Figure 2 下方註明此梯度「Modified from Ohayon 2002」；本文按其自註轉述，未取得該原始文獻。

〔註44〕同上，求助比例：

In Hong Kong, studies reported that only about 10% of children and adolescents and 40% of adults with insomnia reported having sought treatment for insomnia.

While a substantial proportion of insomniacs had sought treatment using complementary and alternative medicine (such as Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture), some turned to over-the-counter sleeping aids or even alcohol for relief. Of note, alcohol aids sleep is a common misconception. In fact, alcohol disrupts normal sleep pattern depriving the drinker of a sound and restful sleep.

〔註45〕衞生防護中心「睡眠知識小測試」：

晚上響亮並持續地打鼻鼾而白天感到睡意是睡眠窒息症（一個常見而又嚴重的睡眠疾病）的主要病徵。睡眠窒息症的其他病徵，包括在睡眠中經常出現呼吸停頓及繼而急速地呼吸的現象。睡眠窒息症的患者由於得不到足夠而寧靜的睡眠，他們日間的表現也會受到嚴重的影響。睡眠窒息症亦有可能導致高血壓、心臟病、心臟病發和中風。不過，若患者得到適當的治療，他/她是可以過著正常的生活的。

很多人儘管在晚上能如常地睡，但在白天還是會不經意地打捆，這可能是患上了某種睡眠病的徵兆。在美國約有四千萬人患上各種睡眠病，例如睡眠窒息症、失眠、發作性睡眠病和不安腿綜合症。如果患上了睡眠病又不去治療，會減低日間的辦事效率、增加發生意外的機會和增加患上疾病及較早死亡的風險。

〔註46〕同上：

正確。發作性睡眠病的患者無論晚上睡得多足夠和睡得多好，白天在任何時間和任何情況都會不能自控地睡著。發作性睡眠病的病徵除了突然的渴睡外，也會在白天渴睡、肌肉無力和晚上睡得不好。

〔註47〕同上：

正確。不安腿綜合症的患者在坐著和躺臥時（特別是在晚上），腿部有時甚至手臂會有麻痺的感覺。患者為了減輕不舒服和疼痛，便會不停地伸展或移動腿部，結果令晚上睡不好或不能入睡，而在日間又會感到很想睡和不能在日間充份工作。

〔註48〕《非傳染病直擊》：

However, insomnia can become a chronic problem with cycles of relapse and remission or persistent symptoms, especially when it co-exists with chronic diseases or mental illnesses, substance abuse, chronic pain, or other sleep disorders (such as obstructive sleep apnoea and restless leg syndrome).

引錄體例：本文的 「」 同時擔任兩個角色——來源原文的引錄，以及本文自己的用語標記（例如「弱」、「有條件」、「建議不要使用」、「安眠藥沒有用」）。獨立成行的引文區塊一律為來源原文。